Pressure fluid motor



March 28, 1939. E. G. GARTIN 2,151,594

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Nov. 1, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet l Am A WWM' AZZ'y.

March 28, 1939. E. G. GARTIN PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 1, 1934 [RV-C71. Z07:

' Elmer G.G, r2/n.

3M A' W Patented Mar. 28, 1939 UNITED STATES PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Elmer G. Gal-tin, Claremont, N. H., assignor to Sullivan Machinery Company, a corporation of Massachusetts Application November 1, 1934, Serial No. 751,013

7 Claims.

This invention relates to pressure fluid motors, and more particularly pertains to improved fluid distribution means for pressure fluid motors of the reciprocating piston, valve controlled type.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved fluid distribution means for a pressure fluid motor. Another object is to provide an improved valve mechanism for controlling, in an improved manner, the supply of pressure fluid to and the exhaust of fluid from the motor cylinder. Yet another object is to provide an improved valve mechanism wherein a plurality of separate relatively movable fluid actuated distributing valves are employed for controlling the motor cylinder supply and exhaust, one valve having solely a supply controlling function and the other having solely an exhaust controlling function, whereby the flow of fluid to and the exhaust of fluid from the motor cylinder are greatly improved, resulting in a more powerful and efficient motor. These and other objects and advantages of the invention will, however, hereinafter more fully appear.

In the accompanying drawings there are shown for purposes of illustration two forms which the invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a pressure fluid motor having embodied therein one illustrative'form of the improved fluid distribution means.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the moving parts in a different position.

Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the supply control valve.

Fig. 4 is an end elevational View of the exhaust control valve.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary rear end elevational view of the front valve chest plate.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another illustrative form of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the moving parts in a different position. I

Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 6 showing the front valve chest plate in rear elevation.

In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, there isshown a pressure fluid motor of the reciprocating piston, valve controlled type comprising a motor cylinder l having a bore 2 containing a reciprocatory hammer piston 3. The hammer piston has a piston head 4 fitting the bore 2 and an integral forwardly projecting cylindrical portion 5 slidably mounted in a bore 6 formed in the front cylinder head l", the latter herein formed integral with the motor cylinder. Formed within the rearward portion of the motor cylinder in alinement with the cylinder bore is a bore 8, and arranged in this bore in abutting engagement with a shoulder 9 surrounding the rear end of the cylinder bore is a combined rear head and valve chest plate Ill, while also arranged in the bore 8 in clamping engagement with the plate I!) is a combined rear head and valve chest member I I having a central bore l2 through which projects a rod-like portion E3, the motor piston being made hollow to receive this rod-like portion. The elements ill and II are maintained in assembled relation with respect to the motor cylinder in any approved manner. it may be understood to be a rifle bar.

Now referring to the improved fluid distribution means, and more particularly to the fluid distributing valve for controlling the supply of fluid to the motor cylinder, it will be noted that formed in the forward face of the valve chest member II is a chamber M surrounded by an annular recess l5, while formed integral with the front plate ill and projecting rearwardly therefrom is a sleevelike guide portion l6, herein fitting a bore I! in the member ll. Mounted in the chamber l4 and guided on the sleeve-like portion IE is a fluid distributing valve l8, herein of the flat annular disc type, this valve being reciprocable in the chamber i l between the forward face of the member H and the rear face of the member ll). Also formed in the rear face of the member Ill and communicating with the recess I5 is an annular recess l9, these recesses I5 and I9 cooperating to form an annular fluid supply chamber encircling the valve chamber I4 in the manner shown. Formed in the front face of the rear valve chest member H is an annular recess connected by a passage 2| to the forward end of the cylinder bore, while formed in the rear face of the valve chest plate [0 in concentric relation within the annular recess l 9 is an annular recess 22 connected through longitudinal passages 23 directly with the rear end of the cylinder bore. Pressure fluid is adapted to be supplied to the recesses l5, l9 through a longitudinal passage 24 communicating with any suitable pressure fluid source. Also formed in the front and rear faces of the valve chest plates H and ill, respectively, are annular constant pres sure grooves 25 and 26. These grooves are arranged in concentric relation with and within the annular grooves 20 and 22, respectively, of these valve chest plates, and the groove 25 is connected by a passage 21 to the fluid supply passage 24, whilethe groove 26 is connected by a passage 28 to the annular recess l9. The motor cylinder is provided with a central, piston controlled, free ex haust port 29.

I A separate. and distinct fluid distributing valve is provided for controlling the exhaust from the ends of the motor cylinder, and this valve, which is of sleeve-like form, is indicated at 30, and is arranged in a valve chamber 3| formed within the rear valve chest plate II. This valve chamber has an enlarged bore 32 and a reduced bore 33, and the Valve has at its forward end an enlarged radial flange 34 fltting the bore 32, while the sleeve-like body 35 of the valve has a radial flange 36 fitting the reduced bore 33. Formed between the valve flanges is an annular groove 31. The bore 38 of the valve 35 and a bore 39 in the front valve chest plate are of substantially the same diameter and of somewhat larger diameter than the rod-like portion I3, to provide clearance between the elements 35 and Ill and the rod-like portion. Formed at the rear end of the enlarged bore 32 is an annular groove 40 connected by a passage 4| with the annular recess 20, while surrounding the reduced bore 33 is an annular groove 42 connected by a passage 43 to atmosphere.

When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, pressure fluid may flow through supply passage 24, annular recess I5, through the valve chamber I4 past the forward surface of the valve I8, through annular groove 22 and thence through passages 23 directly to the rear end of the cylinder bore, the pressure fluid acting on the rear pressure area of the motor piston to drive the latter forwardly. At this time the forward end of the cylinder bore is connected to exhaust through the free exhaust port 29 and.

through passage 2|, annu1ar recess 20, passage 4 I groove 40, annular groove 31 on the exhaust controlling valve 39, groove 42 and exhaust pas- .sage 43. As the motor piston moves forwardly the piston head closes the exhaust port 29, and upon continued forward movement, the rear edge of the piston head overruns the exhaust port 29, connecting the rear end of the cylinder bore to exhaust, and as a result there is a material drop in pressure at the rear side of the motor piston. The fluid distributing valve I8 is then thrown forwardly by the pressure in the annular groove 25 and the compression pressure built up within the forward end of the cylinder bore and in passage 2| and annular recess 20, the pressure in the groove 25 and recess 29 throwing the valve forwardly against the opposing reduced pressure. When the valve I8 is in its forward position the pressure fluid flows from annular recess I5 through the valve chamber past the rear face of the valve to the annular recess 20, the fluid flowing through passage 4|, annular groove 49 to the valve chamber bore 32, the pressure acting on the rear pressure area of the enlarged valve flange 34 to throw the exhaust controlling valve 35 from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 2. Pressure fluid also flows from the annular recess 20 through passage 2| to the forward end of the cylinder bore, the pressure fluid acting on the forward'pressure area of the motor piston to drive the latter rearwardly. At

this time the rear end of the cylinder bore is connected to exhaust through exhaust port 29 and through the bore 39 in the member III, the bore 38 in the valve 39, through the valve chamber past the rear end of the valve 20 and through groove 42 and exhaust passage 43. As the motor piston moves rearwardly the exhaust port 29 is closed, and upon continued rearward movement of the piston the forward edge of the piston head overruns the exhaust port 29 to connect the front end of the cylinder boreto exhaust. As a result, there is a. sudden drop in pressure in the front end of the cylinder bore in passage 2| and annular recess 26. As the motor piston continues to move rearwardly the pressure fluid that is in the rear end of the cylinder' bore is compressed, and this compression pressure acts through passages 23 and annular groove 22 on the forward rod-like portion pressure area of the valve I8 and, supplemented by the constant pressure in groove 26, acts to throw the valve I8 rearwardly from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 1. This compression pressure in the rear end of the cylinder bore also acts through the bore 39 on the forward pressure area of the exhaust control valve 30, throwing the latter rearwardly from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 1.

It should be here noted that the building up of compression pressures is delayed in each end of the cylinder, since each has the supplemental exhaust described. The effect is one of freer piston travel, but compression still occurs, though its building up of throwing pressures is delayed.

In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 6, '7 and 8, the pressure fluid motor comprises a cylinder 45 having a bore 46 containing a reciprocatory hammer piston 41. Formed in the rearward portion of the motor cylinder in alinement with the cylinder bore is a bore 48, and arranged in this bore is a front valve chest plate 49 and a cooperating rear valve chest plate 50. Formed in the forward face of the plate 50 is a valve chamber 5|, having reciprocably mounted therein an annular disc valve 52, this valve being guided on the exterior surface of a cylindrical rearward projection 53 integral with the front plate 49. Surrounding the valve chamber 5| is an annular recess 54 connected to a suitable source of pressure fluid supply through a passage 55, while formed in the rear face of the plate 49 and communicating With the recess 54 is an annular recess 56, these recesses 54 and 56, as in the form of the invention above described, cooperating to form an annular fluid supply chamber surrounding the valve chamber 5|. Also formed in the adjacent faces of the plates 49 and 50 are annular recesses 58 and 5'1, the latter connected through a passage 59 to the front end of the cylinder bore and the former through passages 60 directly with the rear end of the cylinder bore. Also formed in the faces of these plates are annular grooves BI and 62, the groove 6| being connected by a passage 63 to the fluid supply passage 55 and the groove 62 connected by a passage 64 to the annular recess 56. Also arranged concentrically within the fluid distributing valve 52 is an exhaust control valve 65, herein of the sleeve type, slidably guided on the I3 and arranged in a valve chamber 66 formed in the plates 49 and 56. This valve is provided with a reduced rear end flange 61 and a forwardly projecting reduced sleevelike portion 68, the latter fitting a bore 69 communicating directly with the rear end of the cylinder bore. Surrounding the valve chamber 66 is an annular groove I communicating with the passage 59 through a passage I I, while connecting the rear end. of the valve chamber 66 with the annular recess 51 is a passage 72. The front end of the valve chamber is connected through a passage I3 to atmosphere. The motor cylinder is provided with a piston controlled free exhaust port I4.

When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 6, pressure fluid may flow through supply passage 55, annular recesses 54, 56, through the valve chamber past the forward face of the valve 52, through annular recess 58 and passages 66 directly to the rear end of the cylinder bore, the pressure fluid acting on the rear pressure area of the piston to drive the latter forwardly. At

this time the front end of the cylinder bore is sure within the rear end of the cylinder bore also 1 occurs in annular recess 58 and groove 62, and as a result, the valve 52 is thrown forwardly by the pressure in annular groove 5! and the compression pressure built up in the forward end of the cylinder bore by the motor piston and in passage 59 and annular recess 51. When the valve 52 is in the position shown in Fig. 7, pressure fluid flows from recess 54 through the valve chamber 5! past the rear face of the valve 52 and through passage 72 to the valve chamber 66, the pressure fluid acting on the rear pressure area of the exhaust control valve 65 to throw the latter forwardly from the position shown in Fig. 6 to the position shown in Fig. 7. At the same time pressure fluid flows from annular recess 51 through passage 59 to the forward end of the cylinder bore, the pressure fluid acting on the forward pressure area of the motor piston to drive the latter rearwardly. At this time the rear end of the cylinder bore is connected to exhaust through exhaust port 14, and as the piston moves rearwardly this exhaust port is closed, and upon continued rearward piston movement the forward edge of the piston head overruns the exhaust port 14, thereby connecting the front end of the cylinder bore to exhaust. At the same time the annular recess 51 is connected to exhaust through passage 59 and at the same time the rearward pressure area of the exhaust control valve is likewise connected to exhaust. Upon continued rearward movement of the motor piston, the pressure fluid trapped in the rear end of the cylinder bore is compressed, and this compression pressure acts through passages 60 and annular recess 58 on the front pressure area of the valve 52 to throw the latter rearwardly against the opposing reduced pressure from the position shown in Fig. 7 to the position shown in Fig. 6. At the same time the compression pressure acting on the forward pressure area of the sleeve-like portion 68, of the exhaust control valve throws the latter rearwardly from the position shown in Fig. 'l to the position shown in Fig. 6. V

In this form of the invention an auxiliary exhaust is provided only during one stroke of the piston, but a more powerful blow is delivered, while positive valve actuation is none the less maintained.

As a result of this invention, it will be noted that an improved pressure fluid motor is provided having improved fluid distribution means whereby the supply of pressure fluid to and the exhaust of fluid from the motor cylinder is controlled in an improved and more effective manner. It will further be noted that by the provision of separate relatively movable and independently controlled valves, one controlling solely the fluid supply function and the other controlling solely the exhaust function, the distribution of pressure fluid is greatly improved, resulting in a more efficient and powerful motor. These and other uses and advantages of the improved pressure fluid motor will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art.

While there are in this application specifically described two forms which the invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that these forms of the same are shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may be modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder having a bore, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinder for effecting reciprocation of said piston including an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled by said valve for alternately supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder to act on the opposed pressure areas of said piston, exhaust means for said cylinder for alternately reducing the pressure in the opposite ends of the cylinder including piston controlled exhaust means, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling the exhaust from said cylinder during normal running of the motor, valve throwing means including passage means for alternately subjecting the opposite faces of said distributing valve to constant pressure and for subjecting the distributing valve to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected toexhaust by said exhaust means, said fluid distributing valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve.

2. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder having a bore, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinder for effecting reciprocation of said piston including an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled by said valve for alternately supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder to act on the opposed pressure areas of said piston, exhaust means for said cylinder for alternately reducing the pressure in the opposite ends of the cylinder including piston controlled exhaust means, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling the exhaust from the opposite ends of the cylinder during normal running of the motor, valve throwing means including passage means for alternately subjecting the opposite faces of said distributing valve to constant pressure and for subjecting the distributing valve to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected to exhaust by said exhaust means, said fluid distributing valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve.

3. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder having a bore, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled by said valve for alternately supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder to act on the opposed pressure areas of said piston, exhaust means for said cylinder for alternately reducing the pressure in the opposite ends of the cylinder including piston controlled exhaust means, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling the exhaust from the opposite ends of the cylinder during normal running of the motor, valve throwing means including passage means for alternately subjecting the opposite faces of said distributing valve to constant pressure and for subjecting the distributing valve to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected to exhaust by said exhaust means, said fluid distributing valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve, and throwing means for said exhaust controlling valve including means for supplying pressure fluid from said cylinder to act on one pressure area of the valve to throw the valve in one direction.

4. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder having a bore, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinder for effecting reciprocation of said piston including an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled by said valve for alternately supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder to act on the opposed pressure areas of said piston, exhaust means for said cylinder for alternately reducing the pressure in the opposite ends of the cylinder including piston controlled exhaust means, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling the exhaust from the opposite ends of the cylinder during normal running of the motor, valve throwing means including passage means for alternately subjecting the opposite faces of said distributing valve to constant pressure and for subjecting the distributing valve to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected to exhaust by said exhaust means, said fluid distributing valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve, and throwing means for said exhaust controlling valve including means for supplying pressure fluid from said cylinder to act on one pressure area of the valve to throw the valve in one direction, and passage means for conducting compression pressure from the cylinder to an opposite pressure area on the valve to throw the latter in the opposite direction.

5. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston including a valve chest having a pair of valve chambers, automatic fluid actuated valves reciprocably mounted in said chambers respectively, passage means controlled by one of said valves for supplying pressure fluid to the ends of said motor cylinder, passage means distinct from said fluid supply passage means and controlled by said other valve for connecting one end of said cylinder to exhaust, and passage means communicating with the supply passage means for one end of said cylinder and controlled by said exhaust controlling valve for connecting the opposite end of said cylinder to exhaust.

6. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinder for effecting reciprocation of said piston including an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled exclusively by said valve for supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder, valve throwing means including means for supplying constant pressure to act on the opposite faces of said valve and for subjecting the opposite faces of the valve respectively to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and to the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected to exhaust, said valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling exclusively the exhaust from both ends of the cylinder during normal running of the motor, and throwing means for said exhaust controlling valve embodying means separate and distinct from said fluid supply passage means for supplying pressure fluid to act on one pressure area of the exhaust controlling valve to throw the valve in one direction.

7. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for supplying pressure fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinder for effecting reciprocation of said piston including an automatic pressure fluid actuated fluid distributing valve, passage means controlled exclusively by said valve for supplying pressure fluid to the opposite ends of said cylinder, valve throwing means including means for supplying constant pressure to act on the opposite faces of said valve and for subjecting the opposite faces of the valve respectively to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston and to the reduced pressure in the cylinder when the latter is connected to exhaust, said valve being thrown by the constant pressure and compression pressure acting on one face of the valve overcoming a piston controlled reduced pressure acting on the opposite face of the valve, an automatic pressure fluid actuated exhaust controlling valve separate and distinct from said fluid distributing valve for controlling exclusively the exhaust from both ends of the cylinder during normal running of the motor, and throwing means for said exhaust controlling valve embodying means separate and distinct from said fluid supply passage means for supplying pressure fluid to act on one pressure area of the exhaust controlling valve to throw the valve in one direction, and passage means for conducting compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston to the opposite face of the valve to throw the latter in the opposite direction.

ELMER G. GARTIN. 

